Bibliography
Chapter 1
#1 — Semiconductor Control
"Should China take Taiwan… it would hold 85% of global production and 92% of advanced chips."
#2 — Chinese GDP Growth
"GDP growth has slowed from 14% to 5%."
#3 — Manufacturing Output
"China alone produces twice the manufacturing output of the United States."
Chart: China Is the World's Manufacturing Superpower | Statista
#4 — Natural Resources
"Combined with Russia, it accesses $75 trillion in estimated natural resources."
#5 — U.S. Dollar Reserves
"The U.S. floats on over $7 trillion USD used by other countries for trade."
#6 — Xi Jinping Hosting American CEOs
Xi Jinping meeting with Western business leaders amid tariff pressures.
China's Xi urges global CEOs to protect trade as Trump tariffs loom | Reuters
#7 — BRICS Alliance Expansion
The expansion of the BRICS coalition as a strategic counterweight to Western institutions.
What Is the BRICS Group and Why Is It Expanding? | Council on Foreign Relations
Chapter 2
#1 — The Industrial Revolution & Steam Engine
Robert C. Allen, The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009)
#2 — Child Labor & Factory Acts
Parliamentary Papers on the Factory Act of 1833; Jane Humphries, Childhood and Child Labour in the British Industrial Revolution (2010)
#3 — Environmental Legislation
U.S. Rivers and Harbors Act (1899); UK Clean Air Act 1956 (Parliamentary archives)
#4 — Japan's Postwar Growth
Chalmers Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle (1982)
#5 — Slavery Abolition
James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom; Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (UK Parliamentary Record)
#6 — Foxconn Suicides
#7 — Corporate Power
John Kenneth Galbraith, The New Industrial State (1967)
Chapter 3
#1 — Century of Humiliation
Callahan, William A. China: The Pessoptimist Nation (Oxford, 2010)
#2 — Mao's Campaign Deaths
30–45 million famine deaths; Cultural Revolution deaths estimated 1–2 million.
Dikötter, Frank. Mao's Great Famine (2010)
#5 — Eisenhower & Nuclear Threats (1955/1958)
U.S. State Department, Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS Taiwan Strait crises)
#6 — Sino-Soviet Split & Border Clashes
Westad, Odd Arne. The Cold War: A World History (2017)
#7 — One China Policy (1979)
#8 — Tiananmen Square (1989)
Andrew J. Nathan and Perry Link (eds.), The Tiananmen Papers (2001)
#9 — Deng Xiaoping's Cat Quote
From Deng's speeches in the early 1960s; widely documented in CCP archives.
CCP Archives / Historical Record
Chapter 4
#1 — Manufacturing Output
China ~31% of global manufacturing (2022) vs. U.S. ~16%.
#2 — Critical Technologies
#3 — China's 2017 AI Development Plan
Gov.cn — New Generation AI Development Plan (English summary)
#6 — Shipping & Containers
China builds 95% of containers; leads in merchant ships.
#7 — Pharmaceutical Dependency
U.S. relies heavily on China and India for APIs.
#8 — Rare Earths
Deng Xiaoping's 1992 quote on rare earths as strategic leverage.
#9 — EVs & Batteries
China's dominance in EV battery supply chain.
#10 — Semiconductors
TSMC controls ~60% of global chip foundry market; Taiwan >90% of advanced nodes.
#11 — Steel & Aluminum
China — 54% share of global steel.
#12 — Trade Deficit & Jobs
2.4M jobs lost 2001–2018.
U.S. Census Bureau: 2023 U.S. Trade Deficit; Economic Policy Institute (EPI)
#13 — BRICS Currency
#14 — Walmart Imports
Chapter 5
#1 — Capitalism's Origins
Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations; biographical accounts of Carnegie, Edison, Ford
#2 — Shareholder Primacy (Friedman Doctrine)
Milton Friedman, "The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits", New York Times Magazine (1970)
#3 — Executive Compensation
CEO-to-worker pay ratio rose from ~20:1 in 1965 to ~350:1 by 2020.
#4 — Managerial Revolution
James Burnham, The Managerial Revolution (1941)
Chapter 8
#1 — 2008 Financial Crisis / Lehman Brothers
Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC) Report (2011); Ben Bernanke, The Courage to Act (2015)
#2 — Derivatives Market Size
Notional value of global derivatives ~$600 trillion+.
#3 — Quantitative Easing
Federal Reserve historical records; FRED (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis)
#4 — TARP Outcomes
Lifetime net cost ≈ $31B; most investments repaid.
#6 — Mortgage & Consumer Debt
30-year mortgage >7% in 2022; credit-card APRs >20% in 2023–25; balances >$1T.
Freddie Mac PMMS; Federal Reserve G.19; NY Fed Quarterly Report
#7 — Money Supply & CPI Since 2020
Cumulative CPI since Feb 2020 ≈ 24%; M2 pandemic surge documented.
#8 — Fed Balance Sheet
Fed balance sheet grew from under $1T to over $8T.
#9 — U.S. Net Debtor Status
U.S. net international investment position turned negative in 1986.
Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) — Net International Investment Position
#10 — Dollar Hegemony & De-Dollarization
USD ≈ 58% of allocated FX reserves; world reserves ≈ $12.4–$12.7T.
Chapter 9
#1 — Marshall Plan & Postwar Trade
U.S. poured $133 billion (inflation-adjusted) into Europe.
Marshall Plan archives — U.S. State Dept., OECD; Benn Steil, The Marshall Plan
#2 — Nixon Shock (1971)
Nixon ended gold convertibility + imposed 10% tariff on imports.
Federal Reserve history of the Nixon Shock; Nixon's August 15, 1971 address
#3 — Persistent Trade Deficits
U.S. goods trade deficits grew to $558B in 2006 and $1.19T in 2022.
U.S. Census Bureau; Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) trade data
#4 — NAFTA & WTO Era
U.S. deficits with Mexico grew to $130B by 2022.
BEA; U.S. International Trade Commission; Congressional Research Service (CRS)
#5 — Tariff Asymmetry by Country
Detailed tariff figures: EU 10% auto tariff, 778% Japanese rice tariff, China's 34-film quota.
WTO Tariff Profiles; OECD; USDA; USTR National Trade Estimate Reports
#6 — Cumulative Trade Deficit & National Debt
Since 2000, $24T cumulative trade deficit alongside debt rising from $5.7T to $36T.
BEA for trade data; U.S. Treasury / Federal Reserve for debt statistics
#7 — U.S. Net International Investment Position
2024 U.S. Net IIP = –$18T.
#8 — Industry-Specific Declines
Auto share: 75% (1950) → 9.5% (2009). Steel: >50% postwar → 4% today. Textiles: 2.5M jobs (1950) → 300K (2024).
OICA; World Steel Association; BLS; WTO MFA reports; FDA; USDA
#9 — WTO Disputes
U.S. involved in 57% of disputes, lost 89–93% of adjudications.
WTO Dispute Settlement Database; Congressional Research Service (CRS)
Chapter 10
#1 — Forced Labor & Uyghurs
Over 1 million Uyghurs detained; U.S. companies linked to Xinjiang forced labor.
#2 — Solar Industry & Polysilicon
Xinjiang produces 45% of world's polysilicon.
IEA Renewable Energy Market Update (2022); Sheffield Hallam University, In Broad Daylight (2021)
#3 — Foxconn Worker Suicides
At least 14 suicides in 2010; suicide nets installed.
#4 — Environmental Costs of Chinese Manufacturing
China produces 30% of global CO₂ emissions.
IEA Global CO₂ Emissions Report; WHO Air Pollution and Health
#5 — Detroit & Auto Industry Decline
Congressional Research Service — NAFTA and the U.S. Auto Industry (2019); Autor, Dorn & Hanson, The China Shock (2016)
#6 — Pharmaceutical Supply Chains
U.S. dependent on China for majority of APIs; shortages during COVID-19.
FDA Drug Shortages Report (2020); U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission
#7 — Rare Earth Minerals & Defense
China controls 60%+ of refining; crucial for F-35 and missile systems.
USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries (2024); DoD Industrial Capabilities Report (2022)
#8 — Product Safety Scandals
2007 lead paint toy recall: 21 million toys. Chinese drywall crisis: billions in damages.
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC); CDC & FDA safety alerts; New York Times (2009)
#9 — Job Loss & Skills Gap
U.S. lost 5 million manufacturing jobs since 2000; average worker age now 55.
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS); National Association of Manufacturers workforce studies
#10 — Chinese Subsidies & Dumping
Steel, aluminum, solar, furniture, paper industries devastated.
USITC reports; USTR National Trade Estimate Report; Peterson Institute (PIIE)
#11 — Intellectual Property Theft
IP theft costs U.S. $225–600B annually.
FBI, China: The Greatest Long-Term Threat (2020); IP Commission Report (2017)
#12 — Tariffs in U.S. History
1790s–early 20th century tariffs = 80–95% of federal revenue.
U.S. Treasury historical statistics; Douglas Irwin, Clashing over Commerce